Which of the following is the evidence to show that there must be a force acting on the Earth and directed towards the Sun?

Given below are two statements:
Statement $I$: $A$ satellite is moving around the Earth in an orbit very close to the Earth's surface. The time period of revolution of the satellite depends upon the density of the Earth.
Statement $II$: The time period of revolution of the satellite is $T = 2\pi\sqrt{\frac{R_e}{g}}$ (for a satellite very close to the Earth's surface), where $R_e$ is the radius of the Earth and $g$ is the acceleration due to gravity.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

An artificial satellite is revolving around a planet of radius $R$ in a circular orbit of radius $a$. If the time period of revolution of the satellite $T \propto a^{3/2} g^x R^y$,then the values of $x$ and $y$ are respectively. [Note: $g$ is the acceleration due to gravity at the surface of the planet.]

$A$ planet is revolving around the sun in a circular orbit with a radius $r$. The time period is $T$. If the force between the planet and the star is proportional to $r^{-3/2}$,then the square of the time period is proportional to

Assertion $A$: An astronaut inside a massive spaceship orbiting around the Earth will experience a finite but small gravitational force.
Reason $R$: The centripetal force necessary to keep the spaceship in orbit around the Earth is provided by the gravitational force between the Earth and the spaceship.

$A$ satellite $S$ is moving in an elliptical orbit around the Earth. The mass of the satellite is very small compared to the mass of the Earth.