Which scientist explained that all the species taking part in a reaction do not possess the same kinetic energy?

What names apply to chemical species corresponding to locations $1$ and $2$ on this reaction coordinate diagram?
Location $1$ $-$ Location $2$

Explain the distribution of kinetic energy among molecules using the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution graph.

Among the following graphs showing the variation of rate constant $(k)$ with temperature $(T)$ for a reaction,the one that exhibits Arrhenius behaviour over the entire temperature range is:

For a first-order reaction $A \rightarrow P$,the rate constant $k$ depends on temperature $(T)$ according to the equation $\log \, k = - \frac{2000}{T} + 0.6$. The pre-exponential factor $A$ and the activation energy $E_a$ are,respectively:

The decomposition of $A$ into product has a value of $k$ as $4.5 \times 10^{3} \, s^{-1}$ at $10^{\circ} C$ and an energy of activation of $60 \, kJ \, mol^{-1}$. At what temperature would $k$ be $1.5 \times 10^{4} \, s^{-1}$?