Why is heat produced when a current is passed through a conductor?

Out of the two wires $X$ and $Y$ shown below,which one has greater resistance? Justify your answer.

Sonika is working with the circuit shown in the figure. There are two open terminals in the circuit: $X$ and $Y$. She has wires made of five different materials: $I, II, III, IV,$ and $V$. She knows that the electric bulb will glow only when wires made of conducting materials are connected across both open terminals. She records her observations in a table. After the experiment,ink spills on the paper,and she loses the information for the third row.

$S.No.$	Material at $X$	Material at $Y$	Electric Bulb ($ON$/$OFF$)
$1$	$I$	$II$	$OFF$
$2$	$I$	$IV$	$ON$
$3$	-	-	$OFF$
$4$	$III$	$V$	$ON$

Based on the remaining information in the table,which materials could be in the third row?

What is the process of depositing a layer of gold on silver called?

What is meant by "electrical resistance" of a conductor? State how the resistance of a conductor is affected when $(i)$ a low current passes through it for a short duration; $(ii)$ a heavy current passes through it for about $30$ seconds.

Two resistors of $3 \Omega$ and $6 \Omega$ are connected in parallel. The equivalent resistance $R$ is: