Drugs and Medicines Questions in English

(D) An artificial sweetening agent is a food additive that provides a sweet taste like that of sugar but with significantly less food energy.
Among the given options,$Alitame$ is an artificial sweetening agent.
It is approximately $2000$ times sweeter than cane sugar.
Its chemical structure is represented as follows:
$HOOC-CH_2-CH(NH_2)-CONH-CH(CH_3)-CONH-C(CH_3)_2-CH_2-S-C(CH_3)_2$ (or as shown in the provided image).

(A) $1$. Bithionol: It contains two $-OH$ groups attached to the two benzene rings.
$2$. Terpineol: It contains one $-OH$ group in its structure.
$3$. Chloroxylenol: It contains one $-OH$ group attached to the benzene ring.
Therefore,the number of $-OH$ groups in bithionol,terpineol,and chloroxylenol is $2, 1, 1$ respectively.

(C) An agonist is a chemical substance that binds to a receptor and activates it to produce a biological response. \\ It mimics the action of natural chemical messengers by binding to the same receptor sites.

(B) Paracetamol is chemically known as $4$-acetamidophenol or $N-(4$-hydroxyphenyl$)$ethanamide.
It consists of a benzene ring substituted with a hydroxyl group $(-OH)$ at the $1$-position and an acetamido group $(-NHCOCH_3)$ at the $4$-position.
Therefore, the correct structure is represented by option $B$.

(C) Paracetamol is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug.
Its chemical structure consists of a benzene ring substituted with a hydroxyl group $(-OH)$ at the $p$-position relative to an acetamido group $(-NHCOCH_3)$.
Therefore, its $IUPAC$ name is $N$-($4$-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide, commonly referred to as $N$-acetyl $p$-aminophenol.

(A) Aspirin is chemically known as $2$-acetoxybenzoic acid or acetylsalicylic acid.
It is prepared by the acetylation of salicylic acid with acetic anhydride.
The structure consists of a benzene ring with a carboxylic acid group $(-COOH)$ and an acetoxy group $(-OCOCH_3)$ at the ortho position.

(A) Cationic detergents are quaternary ammonium salts of amines with acetates, chlorides, or bromides as anions. They possess long hydrocarbon chains and a positive charge on the nitrogen atom. These are primarily used in hair conditioners because they have germicidal properties and help in conditioning the hair. Therefore, hair conditioner is the correct answer.

(C) Cationic detergents are quaternary ammonium salts of amines with acetates, chlorides, or bromides as anions. These possess germicidal properties and are used in hair conditioners and germicidal formulations.

(A) $Aspirin$ $(acetylsalicylic \ acid)$ is a well-known drug that acts as an analgesic, which is used to relieve pain, and also as an antipyretic, which is used to reduce fever. Therefore, it is classified as an analgesic.

(C) Antipyretics are a class of drugs used to lower body temperature in cases of high fever.
Therefore, the correct use of antipyretic drugs is to reduce fever.

(A) Step $1$: Analgesics are a class of drugs specifically designed to relieve pain without causing impairment of consciousness, mental confusion, incoordination, or paralysis.
Step $2$: Antipyretics are used to reduce fever.
Step $3$: Antibiotics and antimicrobials are used to treat infections caused by microorganisms.
Step $4$: Therefore, the correct term is Analgesic.

(A) $Methyl \ salicylate$ is commonly known as oil of wintergreen. It is widely used in topical creams and ointments for its analgesic (pain-relieving) properties, as it helps in reducing muscle and joint pain.

(C) Step $1$: Identify the analgesic compound. Methyl salicylate is a well-known analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent.
Step $2$: Determine the source. Methyl salicylate is naturally found in the leaves of the wintergreen plant (Gaultheria procumbens).
Step $3$: Conclude that wintergreen is the correct source for extracting this analgesic compound.

(C) Step $1$: Analyze the properties of the given compounds.
Step $2$: $Curcumin$ is a polyphenol found in turmeric with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Step $3$: $Methyl \ salicylate$ is used as a topical analgesic.
Step $4$: $Cinnamaldehyde$ is the organic compound that gives cinnamon its flavor and odor and is well-documented for its antimicrobial properties, inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.
Step $5$: $Ascorbic \ acid$ is $Vitamin \ C$, which acts as an antioxidant.
Step $6$: Therefore, $Cinnamaldehyde$ is the correct antimicrobial compound.

(B) Step $1$: $Aspirin$ is a common drug used as an analgesic and antipyretic.
Step $2$: Chemically, it is synthesized by the acetylation of $salicylic \ acid$ using acetic anhydride.
Step $3$: The resulting compound is $2-acetoxybenzoic \ acid$, which is commonly known as $acetyl \ salicylic \ acid$.

(B) $Chloramphenicol$ is an antibiotic used for the treatment of $Typhoid \text{ } fever$ $(a-iv)$.
$Thyroxine$ deficiency leads to $Goiter$ $(b-iii)$.
$Chloroquine$ is an antimalarial drug used for $Malaria$ $(c-i)$.
$Chloroform$ acts as an $Anaesthetic$ $(d-ii)$.
Therefore, the correct matching is $a-iv, b-iii, c-i, d-ii$.