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(D) The torque on a current loop in a magnetic field is given by $\vec{	au} = \vec{m} 	imes \vec{B}$,where $\vec{m}$ is the magnetic dipole moment.

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only $e$

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(D) The torque on a current loop in a magnetic field is given by $\vec{	au} = \vec{m} 	imes \vec{B}$,where $\vec{m}$ is the magnetic dipole moment. Equilibrium occurs when $\vec{	au} = 0$,which means $\vec{m}$ is parallel or anti-parallel to $\vec{B}$.Stable equilibrium occurs when the potential energy $U = -\vec{m} \cdot \vec{B}$ is minimum,which happens when $\vec{m}$ is parallel to $\vec{B}$ (i.e.,the angle $	heta = 0^{\circ}$).In case $(e)$,the current flows such that the area vector $\vec{A}$ (and thus $\vec{m}$) points in the positive $z-$direction,parallel to $\vec{B}$. This is a state of stable equilibrium.In case $(f)$,the current flows such that $\vec{m}$ points in the negative $z-$direction,anti-parallel to $\vec{B}$. This is a state of unstable equilibrium.Therefore,only case $(e)$ corresponds to stable equilibrium.

$A$ uniform magnetic field is established along the positive $z-$direction. $A$ rectangular loop,carrying a current $I,$ is suspended in this magnetic field. Which case corresponds to stable equilibrium?

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