$A$ simple pendulum with a bob of mass $m$ and a conducting wire of length $L$ swings under gravity through an angle $\theta$. The component of the Earth's magnetic field in the direction perpendicular to the swing is $B$. The maximum e.m.f. induced across the pendulum is ($g=$ acceleration due to gravity).

Find the current in the wire for the configuration shown in the figure. Wire $PQ$ has negligible resistance. $\vec{B}$ is the magnetic field coming out of the paper. $\theta$ is a fixed angle made by $PQ$ as it travels smoothly over two conducting parallel wires separated by a distance $d$.

$A$ conducting wire of parabolic shape,initially $y=x^2$,is moving with velocity $\vec{V} = V_0 \hat{i}$ in a non-uniform magnetic field $\vec{B} = B_0 \left(1 + \left(\frac{y}{L}\right)^\beta\right) \hat{k}$,as shown in the figure. If $V_0, B_0, L$ and $\beta$ are positive constants and $\Delta \phi$ is the potential difference developed between the ends of the wire,then the correct statement$(s)$ is/are:
$(1)$ $|\Delta \phi|$ remains the same if the parabolic wire is replaced by a straight wire,$y=x$ initially,of length $\sqrt{2} L$.
$(2)$ $|\Delta \phi|$ is proportional to the length of the wire projected on the $y$-axis.
$(3)$ $|\Delta \phi| = \frac{1}{2} B_0 V_0 L$ for $\beta = 0$.
$(4)$ $|\Delta \phi| = \frac{4}{3} B_0 V_0 L$ for $\beta = 2$.

$A$ conductor loop of radius $R$ is present in a uniform magnetic field $B$ perpendicular to the plane of the ring. If the radius $R$ varies as a function of time $t$ as $R = R_0 + t$,the induced $e.m.f.$ in the loop is:

Two conducting rings $P$ and $Q$ of radii $r$ and $2r$ rotate uniformly in opposite directions with centre of mass velocities $2v$ and $v$ respectively on a conducting surface $S$. There is a uniform magnetic field of magnitude $B$ perpendicular to the plane of the rings. The potential difference between the highest points of the two rings is

$XPQY$ is a vertical smooth long loop having a total resistance $R$, where $PX$ is parallel to $QY$ and the separation between them is $l$. $A$ constant magnetic field $B$ perpendicular to the plane of the loop exists in the entire space. $A$ rod $CD$ of length $L$ $(L > l)$ and mass $m$ is made to slide down from rest under gravity as shown in the figure. The terminal speed acquired by the rod is . . . . . . $m/s$. ($g$ = acceleration due to gravity)