$A$ ray of light is incident at $30^{\circ}$ from a medium of refractive index $2$ into a medium of refractive index $1$. The angle of refraction is: (in $^{\circ}$)

$A$ small coin is fixed at the centre of the base of an empty cylindrical steel container having radius $R=1 \,m$ and height $d=4 \,m$. At time $t=0$,the container starts getting filled with water at a flow rate of $Q=0.1 \,m^3/s$ without disturbing the coin. Find the approximate time $t$ in seconds when the coin will first be seen by the observer $O$ from a height of $H=5.75 \,m$ above and $L=1.5 \,m$ radially away from the coin as shown in the figure. (Take refractive index of water,$n=1.33$ or $4/3$)

If light passes near a massive object,the gravitational interaction causes a bending of the ray. This can be thought of as happening due to a change in the effective refractive index of the medium given by $n = 1 + \frac{2GM}{rc^2}$,where $r$ is the distance of the point of consideration from the centre of the mass of the massive body,$G$ is the universal gravitational constant,$M$ is the mass of the body,and $c$ is the speed of light in vacuum. Considering a spherical object,find the deviation of the ray from the original path as it grazes the object.

$A$ beam of initially parallel cylindrical light rays travels in a medium with a refractive index $\mu(I) = \mu_0 + \mu_2 I$,where $\mu_0$ and $\mu_2$ are positive constants and $I$ is the intensity. As the intensity of the beam decreases with radius,the speed of light in the medium is:

The angle of incidence is found to be twice the angle of refraction when a ray of light passes from vacuum into a medium of refractive index $\mu$. The angle of incidence will be

$(a)$ The refractive index of glass is $1.5$. What is the speed of light in glass? (Speed of light in vacuum is $3.0 \times 10^{8} \; m/s$).
$(b)$ Is the speed of light in glass independent of the colour of light? If not,which of the two colours,red or violet,travels slower in a glass prism?