$A$ metal rod of length '$L$' completes the circuit as shown. The area of the circuit is perpendicular to the magnetic field '$B$'. The total resistance of the circuit is '$R$'. The force needed to move the rod in the direction as shown with a constant speed '$V$' is

$A$ copper disc of radius $0.1 \, m$ is rotated about its centre with $10 \, rev/s$ in a uniform magnetic field of $0.1 \, T$ with its plane perpendicular to the field. The emf induced across the radius of the disc is ........... $V$.

Two rails of a railway track,insulated from each other and the ground,are connected to a millivoltmeter. What is the reading of the voltmeter when a train travels with a speed of $180 \ km/hr$ along the track? Given that the vertical component of the Earth's magnetic field is $0.2 \times 10^{-4} \ Wb/m^2$ and the rails are separated by $1 \ m$.

Two metallic rings of radius $R$ are rolling on a metallic rod. $A$ magnetic field of magnitude $B$ is applied in the region. The magnitude of the potential difference between point $A$ and point $C$ on the two rings (as shown) will be:

Suppose a long rectangular loop of width $w$ is moving along the $x$-direction with its left arm in a magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of the loop (see figure). The resistance of the loop is zero and it has an inductance $L$. At time $t=0$,its left arm passes the origin,$O$. If for $t \geq 0$,the current in the loop is $I$ and the distance of its left arm from the origin is $x$,then $I$ versus $x$ graph will be

The loop shown moves with a constant velocity $V$ in a uniform magnetic field of magnetic induction $B$ directed into the paper. The potential difference between $P$ and $Q$ is: