Which of the following techniques is $NOT$ used for introducing $DNA$ into a host cell in $r-DNA$ technology?

The master plate in the replica plating experiment contained the:

Which of the following processes is $NOT$ a part of the downstream processing?

Given below are four statements pertaining to the separation of $DNA$ fragments using gel electrophoresis. Identify the incorrect statements:
$(a)$ $DNA$ is a negatively charged molecule and so it is loaded on the gel towards the Anode terminal.
$(b)$ $DNA$ fragments travel along the surface of the gel,whose concentration does not affect the movement of $DNA$.
$(c)$ The smaller the size of the $DNA$ fragment,the larger is the distance it travels through it.
$(d)$ Pure $DNA$ can be visualized directly by exposing it to $UV$ radiation.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

In which method are host cells bombarded with high-velocity micro-particles of gold or tungsten coated with $DNA$?