In the given diagram of the life cycle of Plasmodium in the mosquito,what does the part labeled '$a$' represent?

How many of the following diseases can be classified as autoimmune diseases?
Rheumatoid arthritis,Myasthenia gravis,$AIDS$,$SCID$,Vitiligo,Hashimoto's disease,Multiple sclerosis,Cancer,Type-$I$ diabetes.

Which of the following options represents the correct matching for the given table?

Column $A$	Column $B$ and $C$
$(A)$ Common Cold	$(ii)$ Rhinovirus,$(r)$ Nasal congestion/reduced olfaction
$(B)$ Pneumonia	$(i)$ Streptococcus pneumoniae,$(s)$ Fingernails turn gray to bluish
$(C)$ $AIDS$	$(iii)$ Retrovirus,$(q)$ Skin blood vessel cancer (Kaposi's sarcoma)
$(D)$ Filariasis	$(iv)$ Filarial worm,$(p)$ Swelling of limbs

Pests resistant to insecticides have:

The enlargement of the spleen during malaria is caused by:

Match the items in List-$I$ with List-$II$ and select the correct option.

List-$I$	List-$II$
$(1)$ $ELISA$	$(A)$ Typhoid
$(2)$ Widal test	$(B)$ Diphtheria
$(3)$ Mantoux test	$(C)$ Tuberculosis
$(4)$ Schick test	$(D)$ $AIDS$