Find the rate of radiation emitted per unit area per unit time by a black body at a temperature of $10^{3} \ K$ (in $J \ m^{-2} \ s^{-1}$).

$A$ black rectangular surface of area '$A$' emits energy '$E$' per second at $27^{\circ}C$. If length and breadth are reduced to $(1/3)^{rd}$ of their initial values and temperature is raised to $327^{\circ}C$,then the energy emitted per second becomes:

$A$ very small hole in an electric furnace is used for heating metals. The hole nearly acts as a black body. The area of the hole is $200 \ mm^2$. To keep a metal at $727^{\circ} C$, the heat energy flowing through this hole per second, in joules, is (given $\sigma = 5.67 \times 10^{-8} \ W m^{-2} K^{-4}$):

$A$ black body at $227^{\circ}C$ radiates heat at the rate of $20 \, cal \, m^{-2} \, s^{-1}$. When its temperature is raised to $727^{\circ}C$,the rate of heat radiation will be $x \, cal \, m^{-2} \, s^{-1}$. Find $x$.

Solar constant $(S)$ depends upon the temperature of the Sun $(T)$ as ........

The temperature of a black body reduces to half of its initial value. By what fraction will the amount of radiation emitted reduce?