Two identical charged spheres are suspended from a common point by two massless strings of length $l$. Initially,they are at a distance $d$ $(d << l)$ due to mutual repulsion. The charge begins to leak from both spheres at a constant rate. As a result,the spheres approach each other with a velocity $v$. Then,the velocity $v$ as a function of the distance $x$ between them is:

Two charges each of magnitude $Q$ are fixed at a distance of $2a$ apart. $A$ third charge ($-q$ of mass $m$) is placed at the midpoint of the two charges. If the $-q$ charge is slightly displaced perpendicular to the line joining the charges,find its time period.

Answer the following:
$(a)$ The top of the atmosphere is at about $400 \; kV$ with respect to the surface of the earth,corresponding to an electric field that decreases with altitude. Near the surface of the earth,the field is about $100 \; Vm^{-1}$. Why then do we not get an electric shock as we step out of our house into the open? (Assume the house to be a steel cage so there is no field inside!)
$(b)$ $A$ man fixes outside his house one evening a two-metre-high insulating slab carrying on its top a large aluminium sheet of area $1 \; m^2$. Will he get an electric shock if he touches the metal sheet next morning?
$(c)$ The discharging current in the atmosphere due to the small conductivity of air is known to be $1800 \; A$ on an average over the globe. Why then does the atmosphere not discharge itself completely in due course and become electrically neutral? In other words,what keeps the atmosphere charged?
$(d)$ What are the forms of energy into which the electrical energy of the atmosphere is dissipated during lightning?

For two electrons separated by a distance of $10 \, cm$,let $F_g$ and $F_e$ represent the gravitational force and electrostatic force between them,respectively. The ratio $F_g / F_e$ is of the order of:

Two tiny spheres carrying charges $1.5 \; \mu C$ and $2.5 \; \mu C$ are located $30 \; cm$ apart. Find the potential and electric field:
$(a)$ at the mid-point of the line joining the two charges,and
$(b)$ at a point $10 \; cm$ from this midpoint in a plane normal to the line and passing through the mid-point.

Two identical positive charges are fixed on the $y$-axis, at equal distances from the origin $O$. $A$ particle with a negative charge starts on the $x$-axis at a large distance from $O$, moves along the $+x$-axis, passes through $O$, and moves far away from $O$. Its acceleration $a$ is taken as positive in the positive $x$-direction. The particle's acceleration $a$ is plotted against its $x$-coordinate. Which of the following best represents the plot?