$A$ small pin fixed on a table top is viewed from above from a distance of $50 \, cm$. By what distance would the pin appear to be raised if it is viewed from the same point through a $15 \, cm$ thick glass slab held parallel to the table? Refractive index of glass $= 1.5$. Does the answer depend on the location of the slab?

Consider a configuration of $n$ identical units,each consisting of three layers. The first layer is a column of air of height $h=\frac{1}{3} \text{ cm}$,and the second and third layers are of equal thickness $d=\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2} \text{ cm}$,and refractive indices $\mu_1=\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}$ and $\mu_2=\sqrt{3}$,respectively. $A$ light source $O$ is placed on the top of the first unit,as shown in the figure. $A$ ray of light from $O$ is incident on the second layer of the first unit at an angle of $\theta=60^{\circ}$ to the normal. For a specific value of $n$,the ray of light emerges from the bottom of the configuration at a distance $l=\frac{8}{\sqrt{3}} \text{ cm}$,as shown in the figure. The value of $n$ is. . . . .

$A$ plane glass slab is kept over various coloured letters. The letter which appears least raised is

$A$ fish and a bird are moving as shown in the figure. Find the velocity of the bird as observed by the fish.

$A$ fish at a depth of $12 \, cm$ in water is viewed by an observer on the bank of a lake. To what height is the image of the fish raised? (Refractive index of water $\mu = 4/3$)

$A$ glass beaker is filled with water up to $5 \,cm$. It is kept on top of a $2 \,cm$ thick glass slab. When a coin at the bottom of the glass slab is viewed at normal incidence from above the beaker,its apparent depth from the water surface is $d \,cm$. The value of $d$ is close to ........ $cm$ (the refractive indices of water and glass are $1.33$ and $1.5$,respectively).