$A$ water drop in air refracts the light ray as:

$A$ film projector magnifies a $100 \; cm^2$ film strip on a screen. If the linear magnification is $4$,the area of the magnified film on the screen is.....$cm^2$.

$A$ photograph of the moon was taken with a telescope. Later on, it was found that a housefly was sitting on the objective lens of the telescope. In the photograph:

$A$ horizontal parallel beam of light passes through a vertical convex lens of focal length $20 \,cm$ and is then reflected by a tilted plane mirror,so that it converges to a point $I$. The distance $P I$ is $10 \,cm$. $M$ is a point at which the axis of the lens intersects the mirror. The distance $P M$ is $10 \,cm$. The angle which the mirror makes with the horizontal is (in $^{\circ}$)

If the focal length of the objective lens is increased,then:

An object $O$ is placed in front of a small plane mirror $M_1$ and a large convex mirror $M_2$ of focal length $f$. The distance between $O$ and $M_1$ is $x$,and the distance between $M_1$ and $M_2$ is $y$. The images of $O$ formed by $M_1$ and $M_2$ coincide. The magnitude of $f$ is