Aryl halides are less reactive towards nucleo | vedclass

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(B) Aryl halides are less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reactions due to the following reasons: $1$. Resonance effect: The lone pair of e

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Resonance stabilization

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(B) Aryl halides are less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reactions due to the following reasons: $1$. Resonance effect: The lone pair of electrons on the halogen atom participates in conjugation with the benzene ring,resulting in partial double bond character in the $C-X$ bond. This makes the bond shorter and stronger,making it difficult to break. $2$. Difference in hybridization: The carbon atom attached to the halogen in aryl halides is $sp^2$ hybridized,which is more electronegative and holds the electron pair more tightly than the $sp^3$ hybridized carbon in alkyl halides. $3$. Instability of phenyl cation: The phenyl cation formed by the self-ionization of aryl halides is highly unstable. Among the given options,resonance stabilization of the $C-X$ bond is the primary reason for the reduced reactivity.

Aryl halides are less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reactions compared to alkyl halides because of:

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