Match the items in Column-$I$ with those in Column-$II$.
Column-$I$Column-$II$
$(a)$ Podocytes$(i)$ Crystallised oxalates
$(b)$ Protonephridia$(ii)$ Annelids
$(c)$ Nephridia$(iii)$ Amphioxus
$(d)$ Renal calculi$(iv)$ Filtration slits

Select the correct option from the following:

  • A
    $(a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)$
  • B
    $(a)-(iii), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)$
  • C
    $(a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)$
  • D
    $(a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(i)$

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Identify the true statements and choose the correct option accordingly.
$I.$ Blood vessel leading to the glomerulus is called efferent arteriole.
$II.$ Vasa-recta,peritubular capillaries and glomerulus,all have blood.
$III.$ Cortical nephrons have highly reduced vasa-recta.
$IV.$ Vasa-recta runs parallel to the Henle's loop in the juxta-medullary nephron.

The volume of the filtrate per day is $X$ liters and the volume of urine released per day is $Y$ liters. It means about $Z$ $\%$ of the filtrate is reabsorbed by the process of reabsorption.

Assertion : Secreting hypotonic urine is effective in reducing urinary loss of water.
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Which of the following statements is/are true?
$I.$ Urine is hypertonic while entering distal convoluted tubule.
$II.$ When the urine moves in the collecting tubule,it becomes hypertonic.
$III.$ Urine is isotonic in proximal convoluted tubule.
$IV.$ Urine becomes more and more hypotonic as it passes through the descending Henle's loop.

The given figure shows the human excretory system with parts labeled $A$ to $D$. Select the option that correctly identifies these parts and describes their characteristics or functions.

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