The impurity atom added to germanium to make it $N-$type semiconductor is

At room temperature,a $p$-type semiconductor has

In a $P$-type semiconductor, the acceptor energy level $E_A$ is located $57 \, meV$ above the valence band. The maximum wavelength required to create a hole is ....... $\mathring{A}$. (Given: $h = 6.6 \times 10^{-34} \, J \, s$, $c = 3 \times 10^8 \, m/s$, $1 \, eV = 1.6 \times 10^{-19} \, J$)

Suppose a pure $Si$ crystal has $5 \times 10^{28}$ atoms $m^{-3}$. It is doped with $1 \text{ ppm}$ concentration of pentavalent $As$. Calculate the number of electrons and holes. $(n_i = 1.5 \times 10^{16} \text{ m}^{-3})$

$A$ silicon sample is made into a $p$-type semiconductor by doping. Indium atoms are added at a rate of one atom per $5 \times 10^7$ silicon atoms. If the number density of silicon is $5 \times 10^{28} \text{ atoms/m}^3$,calculate the number density of acceptor atoms per $\text{cm}^3$.

Pure $Si$ at $500\, K$ has equal number of electron $(n_e)$ and hole $(n_h)$ concentrations of $1.5 \times 10^{16} \, m^{-3}$. Doping by indium increases $n_h$ to $4.5 \times 10^{22} \, m^{-3}$. The doped semiconductor is of: