Three-fourths of the active nuclei decay in a radioactive sample in $3/4 \, s$. The half-life of the sample is:

Using a nuclear counter, the count rate of emitted particles from a radioactive source is measured. At $t = 0$, it was $1600$ counts per second, and at $t = 8 \, s$, it was $100$ counts per second. The count rate observed, in counts per second, at $t = 6 \, s$ is close to:

Define the disintegration rate or radioactivity of a sample and obtain the relation $R = \lambda N$ and define its different units.

The normal activity of living carbon-containing matter is found to be about $15$ decays per minute for every gram of carbon. This activity arises from the small proportion of radioactive $_{6}^{14}C$ present with the stable carbon isotope $_{6}^{12}C$. When the organism is dead,its interaction with the atmosphere (which maintains the above equilibrium activity) ceases and its activity begins to drop. From the known half-life ($5730$ years) of $_{6}^{14}C$,and the measured activity,the age of the specimen can be approximately estimated. This is the principle of $_{6}^{14}C$ dating used in archaeology. Suppose a specimen from Mohenjodaro gives an activity of $9$ decays per minute per gram of carbon. Estimate the approximate age (in years) of the Indus-Valley civilisation.

Two radioactive samples $A$ and $B$ have half-lives $T_1$ and $T_2$ $(T_1 > T_2)$ respectively. At $t=0$,the activity of $B$ was twice the activity of $A$. Their activity will become equal after a time:

Two radioactive substances $A$ and $B$ have the same number of initial nuclei. If the half-lives of $A$ and $B$ are $1.5 \ days$ and $4.5 \ days$ respectively, then the ratio of the number of nuclei remaining in $A$ and $B$ after $9 \ days$ is