Two identical cylindrical vessels are kept on the ground and each contain the same liquid of density $d.$ The area of the base of both vessels is $S$ but the height of liquid in one vessel is $x_{1}$ and in the other,$x_{2}$. When both cylinders are connected through a pipe of negligible volume very close to the bottom,the liquid flows from one vessel to the other until it comes to equilibrium at a new height. The change in energy of the system in the process is

$A$ river of salty water is flowing with a velocity $2 \,m/s$. If the density of the water is $1.2 \,g/cc$, then the kinetic energy of each cubic metre of water is

$(a)$ It is known that the density $\rho$ of air decreases with height $y$ as $\rho = \rho_{0} e^{-y / y_{0}}$,where $\rho_{0} = 1.25 \; kg \, m^{-3}$ is the density at sea level,and $y_{0}$ is a constant. This density variation is called the law of atmospheres. Obtain this law assuming that the temperature of the atmosphere remains constant (isothermal conditions). Also,assume that the value of $g$ remains constant.
$(b)$ $A$ large $He$ balloon of volume $1425 \; m^{3}$ is used to lift a payload of $400 \; kg$. Assume that the balloon maintains a constant radius as it rises. How high does it rise?
[Take $y_{0} = 8000 \; m$ and $\rho_{He} = 0.18 \; kg \, m^{-3}$]

$A$ ball is made of a material of density $\rho$ where $\rho_{\text{oil}} < \rho < \rho_{\text{water}}$,with $\rho_{\text{oil}}$ and $\rho_{\text{water}}$ representing the densities of oil and water,respectively. The oil and water are immiscible. If the above ball is in equilibrium in a mixture of this oil and water,which of the following pictures represents its equilibrium position?

$A$ $U$-tube has a left limb with a cross-sectional area one-quarter that of the right limb. The tube contains mercury (density $13.6 \text{ g/cm}^3$). The level of mercury in the narrow (left) limb is at a distance of $36 \text{ cm}$ from the upper end of the tube. What will be the rise in the level of mercury in the right limb if the left limb is filled to the top with water (in $\text{ cm}$)? (Density of water = $1 \text{ g/cm}^3$)

$A$ piece of metal weighs $46 \, g$ in air. When it is immersed in a liquid of specific gravity $1.24$ at $27^{\circ}C$,it weighs $30 \, g$. When the temperature of the liquid is raised to $42^{\circ}C$,the metal piece weighs $30.5 \, g$ and the specific gravity of the liquid at $42^{\circ}C$ is $1.20$. Calculate the coefficient of linear expansion of the metal.