Two vessels of different materials are similar in size in every respect. The same quantity of ice filled in them gets melted in $20 \text{ minutes}$ and $30 \text{ minutes}$ respectively. The ratio of their thermal conductivities will be

The temperature of the water of a pond is $0^{\circ} C$ while that of the surrounding atmosphere is $-20^{\circ} C$. If the density of ice is $\rho$, the coefficient of thermal conductivity is $k$, and the latent heat of melting is $L$, then the thickness $Z$ of the ice layer formed increases as a function of time $t$ as:

$A$ copper pipe of length $10 \,m$ carries steam at temperature $110^{\circ} C$. The outer surface of the pipe is maintained at a temperature $10^{\circ} C$. The inner and outer radii of the pipe are $2 \,cm$ and $4 \,cm$,respectively. The thermal conductivity of copper is $0.38 \,kW / m /^{\circ} C$. In the steady state,the rate at which heat flows radially outward through the pipe is closest to ............. $\,kW$.

The ends $Q$ and $R$ of two thin wires,$PQ$ and $RS$,are soldered (joined) together. Initially,each of the wires has a length of $1 \,m$ at $10^{\circ} C$. Now,the end $P$ is maintained at $10^{\circ} C$,while the end $S$ is heated and maintained at $400^{\circ} C$. The system is thermally insulated from its surroundings. If the thermal conductivity of wire $PQ$ is twice that of the wire $RS$ and the coefficient of linear thermal expansion of $PQ$ is $1.2 \times 10^{-5} \,K^{-1}$,the change in length of the wire $PQ$ is (in $\,mm$)

An ice box is used to keep food cool,having a surface area of $1 \, m^2$ and a thickness of $5.0 \, cm$. The thermal conductivity of the ice box material is $K = 0.01 \, J/(m \cdot s \cdot ^\circ C)$. The inside temperature is maintained at $0 \, ^\circ C$ and the outside temperature is $30 \, ^\circ C$. If the latent heat of fusion of ice is $334 \times 10^3 \, J/kg$,calculate the mass of ice that melts in one day.

The unit of thermal conductivity is