What is the main difference between the $P-T$ phase diagram of water and $CO_2$?

Statement $(I)$: $A$ device in which heat measurement can be made is called a calorimeter.
Statement $(II)$: Skating is possible on snow due to the formation of water below the skates. Water is formed due to the increase of temperature and ice melts.
Statement $(III)$: Two bodies at different temperatures are mixed in a calorimeter. The total internal energy of the two bodies remains conserved.
Which of the following is correct?

Water falls from a height of $500 \ m$. What is the rise in temperature of water at the bottom if the whole energy remains in the water? (Assume $g = 9.8 \ m/s^2$ and specific heat capacity of water $c = 4200 \ J/kg \cdot ^\circ C$)

The ratio of the coefficient of volume expansion of a glass container to that of a viscous liquid kept inside the container is $1 : 4$. What fraction of the inner volume of the container should the liquid occupy so that the volume of the remaining vacant space will be same at all temperatures?

Match List-$I$ with List-$II$.

List-$I$	List-$II$
$(A)$ Heat capacity of body	$(I)$ $J kg^{-1}$
$(B)$ Specific heat capacity of body	$(II)$ $J K^{-1}$
$(C)$ Latent heat	$(III)$ $J kg^{-1} K^{-1}$
$(D)$ Thermal conductivity	$(IV)$ $J m^{-1} K^{-1} s^{-1}$

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Two different liquids of same mass are kept in two identical vessels,which are placed in a freezer that extracts heat from them at the same rate,causing each liquid to transform into a solid. The schematic figure below shows the temperature $T$ versus time $t$ plot for the two materials. We denote the specific heat of materials in the liquid (solid) states to be $C_{L1}$ $(C_{S1})$ and $C_{L2}$ $(C_{S2})$,respectively. Choose the correct option given below.