Which of the following is most reactive for a | vedclass

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(C) The reactivity of carbonyl compounds towards nucleophilic addition reactions is directly proportional to the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carb

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$p$-nitrobenzaldehyde

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(C) The reactivity of carbonyl compounds towards nucleophilic addition reactions is directly proportional to the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon.Electron-withdrawing groups $(EWG)$ increase the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon by pulling electron density away from it,thereby increasing reactivity.Electron-donating groups $(EDG)$ decrease the electrophilicity by donating electron density,thereby decreasing reactivity.Comparing the substituents at the para position:$1$. $-CH_3$ is an $EDG$ (via hyperconjugation and inductive effect).$2$. $-Cl$ is an $EWG$ (via inductive effect) but also an $EDG$ (via resonance).$3$. $-NO_2$ is a strong $EWG$ (via both inductive and resonance effects).$4$. $-H$ is the reference.Since the $-NO_2$ group is the strongest electron-withdrawing group among the given options,it makes the carbonyl carbon most electrophilic,making $p$-nitrobenzaldehyde the most reactive towards nucleophilic addition.

Which of the following is most reactive for a nucleophilic addition reaction?

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