Which of the following statements is correct?

  • A
    For an isothermal change, $PV = \text{constant}$.
  • B
    In an isothermal process, the change in internal energy must be equal to the work done.
  • C
    For an adiabatic change, $\frac{P_2}{P_1} = \left( \frac{V_1}{V_2} \right)^\gamma$, where $\gamma$ is the ratio of specific heats.
  • D
    In an adiabatic process, work done must be equal to the heat entering the system.

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One mole of diatomic gas having rotational modes only is kept in a cylinder with a piston system. The cross-section area of the cylinder is $4 \text{ cm}^2$. The gas is heated slowly to raise the temperature by $1.2^\circ\text{C}$ during which the piston moves by $25 \text{ mm}$. The amount of heat supplied to the gas is . . . . . . $J$. (Atmospheric pressure = $100 \text{ kPa}$, $R = 8.3 \text{ J/mol}\cdot\text{K}$) (Neglect mass of the piston)

Match List-$I$ with List-$II$:
List-$I$ List-$II$
$(a)$ Isothermal $(i)$ Pressure constant
$(b)$ Isochoric $(ii)$ Temperature constant
$(c)$ Adiabatic $(iii)$ Volume constant
$(d)$ Isobaric $(iv)$ Heat content is constant

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Given below are two statements:
Statement $I:$ If heat is added to a system,its temperature must increase.
Statement $II:$ If positive work is done by a system in a thermodynamic process,its volume must increase.
In the light of the above statements,choose the correct answer from the options given below.

Consider that an ideal gas ($n$ moles) is expanding in a process given by $P = f(V)$,which passes through a point $(V_0, P_0)$. Show that the gas is absorbing heat at $(P_0, V_0)$ if the slope of the curve $P = f(V)$ is larger than the slope of the adiabatic curve passing through $(P_0, V_0)$.

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Answer the following by appropriately matching the lists based on the information given in the paragraph.
In a thermodynamics process on an ideal monatomic gas,the infinitesimal heat absorbed by the gas is given by $T \Delta X$,where $T$ is the temperature of the system and $\Delta X$ is the infinitesimal change in a thermodynamic quantity $X$ of the system. For a mole of monatomic ideal gas,$X = \frac{3}{2} R \ln \left(\frac{T}{T_A}\right) + R \ln \left(\frac{V}{V_A}\right)$. Here,$R$ is the gas constant,$V$ is the volume of the gas,$T_A$ and $V_A$ are constants.
The $List-I$ below gives some quantities involved in a process and $List-II$ gives some possible values of these quantities.
List-$I$List-$II$
$(I)$ Work done by the system in process $1 \rightarrow 2 \rightarrow 3$$(P)$ $\frac{1}{3} R T_0 \ln 2$
$(II)$ Change in internal energy in process $1 \rightarrow 2 \rightarrow 3$$(Q)$ $\frac{1}{3} R T_0$
$(III)$ Heat absorbed by the system in process $1 \rightarrow 2 \rightarrow 3$$(R)$ $R T_0$
$(IV)$ Heat absorbed by the system in process $1 \rightarrow 2$$(S)$ $\frac{4}{3} R T_0$
$(T)$ $\frac{1}{3} R T_0 (3 + \ln 2)$
$(U)$ $\frac{5}{6} R T_0$

If the process carried out on one mole of monatomic ideal gas is as shown in the figure in the $PV$-diagram with $P_0 V_0 = \frac{1}{3} R T_0$,the correct match is:
$(1)$ $I \rightarrow Q, II \rightarrow R, III \rightarrow P, IV \rightarrow U$
$(2)$ $I \rightarrow S, II \rightarrow R, III \rightarrow Q, IV \rightarrow T$
$(3)$ $I \rightarrow Q, II \rightarrow R, III \rightarrow S, IV \rightarrow U$
$(4)$ $I \rightarrow Q, II \rightarrow S, III \rightarrow R, IV \rightarrow U$
If the process on one mole of monatomic ideal gas is as shown in the $TV$-diagram with $P_0 V_0 = \frac{1}{3} R T_0$,the correct match is:
$(1)$ $I \rightarrow S, II \rightarrow T, III \rightarrow Q, IV \rightarrow U$
$(2)$ $I \rightarrow P, II \rightarrow R, III \rightarrow T, IV \rightarrow S$
$(3)$ $I \rightarrow P, II \rightarrow R, III \rightarrow Q, IV \rightarrow T$
$(4)$ $I \rightarrow P, II \rightarrow R, III \rightarrow T, IV \rightarrow P$
Give the answer for question $(1)$ and $(2)$.

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