Which of the following substances will increa | vedclass

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(C) The acidity of phenol is increased by the presence of electron-withdrawing groups on the benzene ring. When phenol reacts with concentrated $H_2SO

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Conc. $H_2SO_4$

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(C) The acidity of phenol is increased by the presence of electron-withdrawing groups on the benzene ring. When phenol reacts with concentrated $H_2SO_4$,it undergoes electrophilic aromatic substitution (sulfonation) to form phenol$-4-$sulfonic acid. The $-SO_3H$ group is a strong electron-withdrawing group due to its $-I$ and $-M$ effects. This electron-withdrawing effect stabilizes the phenoxide ion formed after the loss of a proton,thereby increasing the acidity of the resulting compound compared to phenol. Therefore,Conc. $H_2SO_4$ is the correct substance.

Which of the following substances will increase the acidity of phenol?

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