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(A) The $-NO_2$ group is a strong electron-withdrawing group that exerts both $-I$ (inductive) and $-M$ (mesomeric) effects. These effects decrease th

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

$i > ii > iii$

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(A) The $-NO_2$ group is a strong electron-withdrawing group that exerts both $-I$ (inductive) and $-M$ (mesomeric) effects. These effects decrease the electron density on the nitrogen atom of the $-NH_2$ group,thereby reducing its basicity. In compound $(i)$,there is no electron-withdrawing group,so it is the most basic. In compound $(ii)$,the $-NO_2$ group is at the meta position,exerting only the $-I$ effect. In compound $(iii)$,the $-NO_2$ group is at the para position,exerting both $-I$ and strong $-M$ effects,which significantly reduce the electron density on the nitrogen atom. Therefore,the basicity order is $(i) > (ii) > (iii)$.

Which of the options correctly represents the basicity order for these compounds?

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