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(A) When a $p-n$ junction is formed,two main processes occur due to the concentration gradient of charge carriers across the junction:$1$. Diffusion:

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Diffusion and Drift

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(A) When a $p-n$ junction is formed,two main processes occur due to the concentration gradient of charge carriers across the junction:$1$. Diffusion: Due to the concentration gradient,holes from the $p$-side diffuse to the $n$-side,and electrons from the $n$-side diffuse to the $p$-side. This movement creates a current known as diffusion current.$2$. Drift: As charge carriers diffuse,they leave behind ionized donor and acceptor atoms in the depletion region. This creates an electric field directed from the $n$-side to the $p$-side. This electric field causes charge carriers to move in the opposite direction,creating a drift current.

Which two important processes occur during the formation of a $p-n$ junction?

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