N- type semiconductors are obtained when germ | vedclass

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(D) To obtain an $N-$ type semiconductor,an intrinsic semiconductor like germanium (a group $14$ element) must be doped with a pentavalent impurity (a

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Both $(a)$ and $(c)$

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(D) To obtain an $N-$ type semiconductor,an intrinsic semiconductor like germanium (a group $14$ element) must be doped with a pentavalent impurity (a group $15$ element).Pentavalent impurities have $5$ valence electrons.When added to the germanium crystal lattice,$4$ electrons form covalent bonds with neighboring germanium atoms,and the $5$th electron becomes a free charge carrier (electron).Both Phosphorus $(P)$ and Arsenic $(As)$ are pentavalent elements.Therefore,doping germanium with either Phosphorus or Arsenic results in an $N-$ type semiconductor.Thus,the correct option is $(d)$.

$N-$ type semiconductors are obtained when germanium is doped with:

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