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(B) The thermal stress developed in a material when its expansion is prevented is given by $\sigma = Y \alpha \Delta 	heta$,where $Y$ is Young's modu

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$1	imes10^5\,N$

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(B) The thermal stress developed in a material when its expansion is prevented is given by $\sigma = Y \alpha \Delta 	heta$,where $Y$ is Young's modulus,$\alpha$ is the coefficient of linear expansion,and $\Delta 	heta$ is the change in temperature.The force $F$ is given by $F = 	ext{Stress} 	imes 	ext{Area} = Y A \alpha \Delta 	heta$.Given values:$Y = 2 	imes 10^{11}\,N/m^2$$A = 40\,cm^2 = 40 	imes 10^{-4}\,m^2 = 4 	imes 10^{-3}\,m^2$$\alpha = 1.2 	imes 10^{-5}\,K^{-1}$$\Delta 	heta = 10\,^{\circ}C = 10\,K$Substituting these values into the formula:$F = (2 	imes 10^{11}) 	imes (4 	imes 10^{-3}) 	imes (1.2 	imes 10^{-5}) 	imes 10$$F = 2 	imes 4 	imes 1.2 	imes 10^{11 - 3 - 5 + 1}$$F = 9.6 	imes 10^4\,N$Rounding to the nearest significant value,we get $F \approx 1 	imes 10^5\,N$.

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