Calculate the change in internal energy when $1 \,g$ of water is converted into steam at atmospheric pressure $(1.013 \times 10^{5} \,Pa)$. Given the latent heat of vaporisation is $2256 \,J/g$, the volume of $1 \,g$ of water is $1 \,cm^{3}$, and the volume of $1 \,g$ of steam is $1671 \,cm^{3}$.

Vedclass pdf generator app on play store
Vedclass iOS app on app store
(N/A) Let us consider $1 \,g$ of water for conversion into steam.
Latent heat of vaporisation of water, $L_{v} = 2256 \,J/g$.
Therefore, the heat absorbed is $\Delta Q = m \times L_{v} = 1 \,g \times 2256 \,J/g = 2256 \,J$.
Volume of $1 \,g$ water at atmospheric pressure is $V_{l} = 1 \,cm^{3} = 1 \times 10^{-6} \,m^{3}$.
Volume of $1 \,g$ steam is $V_{g} = 1671 \,cm^{3} = 1671 \times 10^{-6} \,m^{3}$.
Change in volume, $\Delta V = V_{g} - V_{l} = (1671 - 1) \times 10^{-6} \,m^{3} = 1670 \times 10^{-6} \,m^{3}$.
Work done at constant atmospheric pressure, $\Delta W = P \Delta V = (1.013 \times 10^{5} \,Pa) \times (1670 \times 10^{-6} \,m^{3}) \approx 169.2 \,J$.
From the first law of thermodynamics, $\Delta U = \Delta Q - \Delta W$.
$\Delta U = 2256 \,J - 169.2 \,J = 2086.8 \,J$.
Thus, the change in internal energy is $2086.8 \,J$.

Explore More

Similar Questions

$A$ system performs work $\Delta W$ when an amount of heat $\Delta Q$ is added to the system. The corresponding change in the internal energy is $\Delta U$. Which of the following is a unique function of the initial and final states (irrespective of the mode of change)?

The change in internal energy when $20 \,g$ of a gas is heated from $25^{\circ} C$ to $35^{\circ} C$ at constant volume is (Specific heat capacity of the gas at constant volume $C_{v} = 0.2 \,cal \,g^{-1} {}^{\circ} C^{-1}$): (in $\,J$)

The first law of thermodynamics is a special case of:

The internal energy of an ideal gas is given by $U = 1.5 PV$. It expands from $10 \ cm^3$ to $20 \ cm^3$ against a constant pressure of $2 \times 10^5 \ Pa$. Heat absorbed by the gas in the process is (in $J$)

Consider $1 \,kg$ of liquid water undergoing a change in phase to water vapour at $100^{\circ} C$. At $100^{\circ} C$,the vapour pressure is $1.01 \times 10^5 \,N m^{-2}$ and the latent heat of vaporization is $22.6 \times 10^5 \,J kg^{-1}$. The density of liquid water is $10^3 \,kg m^{-3}$ and that of vapour is $\frac{1}{1.8} \,kg m^{-3}$. The change in internal energy in this phase change is nearly ............ $J kg^{-1}$.

Vedclass Products

For Students

Vedclass Test Series

Mock tests in real JEE/NEET style with performance analysis. 5-day free trial.

Start Free Trial
For Teachers

Exam Paper Generator

Generate Set A/B/C/D exam papers from 7.5L+ questions in 2 minutes. 3 chapters free.

Try Free
For Institutes

Online Exam Module

Live online exams with unlimited students, 360° analytics & white-label branding.

See Demo