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Integration of rational function by using partial fractions, Questions in Hindi

Class 12 Mathematics · 7-1.Indefinite Integral · Integration of rational function by using partial fractions,

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151
DifficultMCQ
यदि $\int \frac{3x + 7}{x^2 - 3x + 2} dx = m \log |x - 2| + n \log |x - 1| + c$, जहाँ $m, n \in R$ और $c$ एक समाकलन स्थिरांक है, तो $m + n =$ का मान है:
A
$6$
B
$7$
C
$3$
D
$13$

Solution

(C) चरण $1$: हर का गुणनखंड करें: $x^2 - 3x + 2 = (x - 2)(x - 1)$।
चरण $2$: आंशिक भिन्नों का उपयोग करें: $\frac{3x + 7}{(x - 2)(x - 1)} = \frac{A}{x - 2} + \frac{B}{x - 1}$।
चरण $3$: $A$ और $B$ के लिए हल करें: $3x + 7 = A(x - 1) + B(x - 2)$।
$x = 2$ के लिए: $3(2) + 7 = A(2 - 1) \implies A = 13$।
$x = 1$ के लिए: $3(1) + 7 = B(1 - 2) \implies 10 = -B \implies B = -10$।
चरण $4$: समाकलन करें: $\int (\frac{13}{x - 2} - \frac{10}{x - 1}) dx = 13 \log |x - 2| - 10 \log |x - 1| + c$।
चरण $5$: $m \log |x - 2| + n \log |x - 1| + c$ से तुलना करने पर, हमें $m = 13$ और $n = -10$ प्राप्त होता है।
चरण $6$: $m + n = 13 + (-10) = 3$ की गणना करें।
152
DifficultMCQ
समाकल का मूल्यांकन करें: $\int \frac{\sin x}{\sin 4x} dx$
A
$\frac{1}{4\sqrt{2}} \log \left| \frac{1 + \sqrt{2} \sin x}{1 - \sqrt{2} \sin x} \right| + \frac{1}{4} \log |\sec x + \tan x| + c$
B
$\frac{1}{4\sqrt{2}} \log \left| \frac{1 + \sqrt{2} \sin x}{1 - \sqrt{2} \sin x} \right| - \frac{1}{4} \log |\sec x + \tan x| + c$
C
$\frac{1}{4\sqrt{2}} \log \left| \frac{1 - \sqrt{2} \sin x}{1 + \sqrt{2} \sin x} \right| + \frac{1}{4} \log |\sec x + \tan x| + c$
D
$\frac{1}{4\sqrt{2}} \log \left| \frac{1 - \sqrt{2} \sin x}{1 + \sqrt{2} \sin x} \right| - \frac{1}{4} \log |\sec x + \tan x| + c$

Solution

(B) हमारे पास $I = \int \frac{\sin x}{\sin 4x} dx = \int \frac{\sin x}{2 \sin 2x \cos 2x} dx = \int \frac{\sin x}{4 \sin x \cos x (1 - 2 \sin^2 x)} dx = \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{dx}{\cos x (1 - 2 \sin^2 x)}$ है।
अंश और हर को $\cos x$ से गुणा करने पर: $I = \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{\cos x dx}{\cos^2 x (1 - 2 \sin^2 x)} = \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{\cos x dx}{(1 - \sin^2 x)(1 - 2 \sin^2 x)}$।
माना $\sin x = t$, तब $\cos x dx = dt$। अतः $I = \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{dt}{(1 - t^2)(1 - 2t^2)}$।
आंशिक भिन्नों का उपयोग करने पर: $\frac{1}{(1 - t^2)(1 - 2t^2)} = \frac{A}{1 - t^2} + \frac{B}{1 - 2t^2}$। हल करने पर $A = -1$ और $B = 2$ प्राप्त होता है।
$I = \frac{1}{4} \int \left( \frac{2}{1 - 2t^2} - \frac{1}{1 - t^2} \right) dt = \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{dt}{1 - (\sqrt{2}t)^2} - \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{dt}{1 - t^2}$।
$\int \frac{dx}{a^2 - x^2} = \frac{1}{2a} \log \left| \frac{a+x}{a-x} \right|$ का उपयोग करने पर:
$I = \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}} \log \left| \frac{1 + \sqrt{2}t}{1 - \sqrt{2}t} \right| - \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \log \left| \frac{1+t}{1-t} \right| + c$।
चूंकि $\frac{1}{2} \log \left| \frac{1+\sin x}{1-\sin x} \right| = \log |\sec x + \tan x|$, परिणाम $\frac{1}{4\sqrt{2}} \log \left| \frac{1 + \sqrt{2} \sin x}{1 - \sqrt{2} \sin x} \right| - \frac{1}{4} \log |\sec x + \tan x| + c$ है।
153
DifficultMCQ
$\int \frac{(x + 1)}{x(1 + xe^x)^2} dx =$
A
$-\log \left( \frac{xe^x}{1 + xe^x} \right) + \frac{1}{(1 + xe^x)} + c$
B
$\log \left( \frac{xe^x}{1 + xe^x} \right) + \frac{1}{(1 + xe^x)} + c$
C
$\log \left( \frac{1 + xe^x}{xe^x} \right) + (1 + xe^x) + c$
D
$-\log \left( \frac{xe^x}{1 + xe^x} \right) - \frac{1}{(1 + xe^x)} + c$

Solution

(B) अंश और हर को $e^x$ से गुणा करें:
$I = \int \frac{(x + 1)e^x}{xe^x(1 + xe^x)^2} dx$
माना $u = xe^x$, तब $du = (e^x + xe^x) dx = e^x(1 + x) dx$।
इन्हें समाकलन में प्रतिस्थापित करने पर:
$I = \int \frac{du}{u(1 + u)^2}$
आंशिक भिन्नों का उपयोग करते हुए: $\frac{1}{u(1 + u)^2} = \frac{A}{u} + \frac{B}{1 + u} + \frac{C}{(1 + u)^2}$
$1 = A(1 + u)^2 + Bu(1 + u) + Cu$
$u = 0$ के लिए, $A = 1$। $u = -1$ के लिए, $C = -1$। $u^2$ के गुणांकों की तुलना करने पर: $A + B = 0 \implies B = -1$।
$I = \int \left( \frac{1}{u} - \frac{1}{1 + u} - \frac{1}{(1 + u)^2} \right) du$
$I = \log|u| - \log|1 + u| + \frac{1}{1 + u} + c$
$I = \log \left| \frac{u}{1 + u} \right| + \frac{1}{1 + u} + c$
$u = xe^x$ प्रतिस्थापित करने पर:
$I = \log \left( \frac{xe^x}{1 + xe^x} \right) + \frac{1}{1 + xe^x} + c$
154
DifficultMCQ
यदि $\int \frac{\sin x}{\sin 4x} dx = \alpha \log \left| \frac{1+\sin x}{1-\sin x} \right| + \beta \log \left| \frac{1+\sqrt{2} \sin x}{1-\sqrt{2} \sin x} \right| + c$ है, तो $32(\alpha + \beta^2) = $ का मान क्या है?
A
$5$
B
$-1$
C
$9$
D
$-3$

Solution

(D) दिया गया है $I = \int \frac{\sin x}{2 \sin 2x \cos 2x} dx = \int \frac{\sin x}{4 \sin x \cos x (1 - 2 \sin^2 x)} dx = \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{dx}{\cos x (1 - 2 \sin^2 x)}$।
अंश और हर को $\cos x$ से गुणा करने पर: $I = \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{\cos x dx}{\cos^2 x (1 - 2 \sin^2 x)} = \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{\cos x dx}{(1 - \sin^2 x)(1 - 2 \sin^2 x)}$।
माना $u = \sin x$, तब $du = \cos x dx$। $I = \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{du}{(1 - u^2)(1 - 2u^2)}$।
आंशिक भिन्नों का उपयोग करने पर: $\frac{1}{(1 - u^2)(1 - 2u^2)} = \frac{A}{1 - u^2} + \frac{B}{1 - 2u^2}$।
$1 = A(1 - 2u^2) + B(1 - u^2)$। $u^2 = 1$ के लिए, $A = -1$। $u^2 = 1/2$ के लिए, $B = 2$।
$I = \frac{1}{4} \int \left( \frac{-1}{1 - u^2} + \frac{2}{1 - 2u^2} \right) du = -\frac{1}{4} \int \frac{du}{1 - u^2} + \frac{2}{4} \int \frac{du}{1 - (\sqrt{2}u)^2}$।
$I = -\frac{1}{8} \log \left| \frac{1+u}{1-u} \right| + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}} \log \left| \frac{1+\sqrt{2}u}{1-\sqrt{2}u} \right| + c$।
दिए गए रूप से तुलना करने पर: $\alpha = -1/8$, $\beta = 1/(4\sqrt{2})$।
$\beta^2 = 1/32$। अतः, $32(\alpha + \beta^2) = 32(-1/8 + 1/32) = 32(-4/32 + 1/32) = 32(-3/32) = -3$।
155
DifficultMCQ
समाकल $\int \frac{dx}{\sin^2 x + \tan^2 x}$ का मान है...
A
$-\frac{1}{2 \tan x} + \frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}} \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\tan x}{\sqrt{2}}\right) + c$
B
$-\frac{1}{2 \tan x} - \frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}} \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\tan x}{\sqrt{2}}\right) + c$
C
$\frac{1}{2 \tan x} - \frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}} \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\tan x}{\sqrt{2}}\right) + c$
D
$\frac{1}{2 \tan x} + \frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}} \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\tan x}{\sqrt{2}}\right) + c$

Solution

(B) माना $I = \int \frac{dx}{\sin^2 x + \tan^2 x}$ है।
चूँकि $\sin^2 x = \frac{\tan^2 x}{1 + \tan^2 x}$, इसलिए $I = \int \frac{dx}{\frac{\tan^2 x}{1 + \tan^2 x} + \tan^2 x} = \int \frac{(1 + \tan^2 x) dx}{\tan^2 x + \tan^2 x(1 + \tan^2 x)} = \int \frac{\sec^2 x \ dx}{2\tan^2 x + \tan^4 x}$ है।
माना $u = \tan x$, तब $du = \sec^2 x \ dx$ है। समाकल $I = \int \frac{du}{u^4 + 2u^2} = \int \frac{du}{u^2(u^2 + 2)}$ हो जाता है।
आंशिक भिन्नों का उपयोग करने पर: $\frac{1}{u^2(u^2 + 2)} = \frac{A}{u^2} + \frac{B}{u^2 + 2}$। हल करने पर $A = \frac{1}{2}$ और $B = -\frac{1}{2}$ प्राप्त होता है।
अतः, $I = \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{du}{u^2} - \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{du}{u^2 + 2} = \frac{1}{2} (-\frac{1}{u}) - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{u}{\sqrt{2}}\right) + c$ है।
$u = \tan x$ प्रतिस्थापित करने पर, $I = -\frac{1}{2 \tan x} - \frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}} \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\tan x}{\sqrt{2}}\right) + c$ प्राप्त होता है।

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