$A$ radioactive isotope $X$ has a half-life of $20$ years and decays into a stable element $Y$. In a given rock sample, the ratio of the amounts of $X$ and $Y$ is found to be $1:7$. The estimated age of the rock is ......... years.

Two radioactive elements $R$ and $S$ disintegrate as:
$R \rightarrow P + \alpha; \lambda_R = 4.5 \times 10^{-3} \, \text{years}^{-1}$
$S \rightarrow P + \beta; \lambda_S = 3 \times 10^{-3} \, \text{years}^{-1}$
Starting with the number of atoms of $R$ and $S$ in the ratio of $2:1$,what will be this ratio after the lapse of three half-lives of $R$?

$A$ radioactive material has a half-life of $10$ days. What fraction of the material would remain after $30$ days?

Activity of a radioactive sample is $R_1$ at a time $t_1$ and $R_2$ at a time $t_2$. Its half-life period is $T$. The number of atoms that have disintegrated in the time interval $(t_2 - t_1)$ is equal to $\frac{n(R_1 - R_2)T}{\ln 4}$. Then '$n$' is equal to

The rate of disintegration of a radioactive sample is $R$ and the number of atoms present at any time $t$ is $N$. When $\frac{R}{N}$ is taken along the $Y$-axis and $t$ is taken along the $X$-axis,the correct graph is:

The rate of disintegration of a fixed quantity of a radioactive element can be increased by